File:One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe.jpg

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Description	English: A massive cluster of yellowish galaxies is seemingly caught in a spider web of eerily distorted background galaxies in the left-hand image, taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The gravity of the cluster's trillion stars acts as a cosmic "zoom lens," bending and magnifying the light of the galaxies located far behind it, a technique called gravitational lensing. The faraway galaxies appear in the Hubble image as arc-shaped objects around the cluster, named Abell 1689. The increased magnification allows astronomers to study remote galaxies in greater detail. One galaxy is so far away, however, it does not show up in the visible-light image taken with ACS [top, right], because its light is stretched to invisible infrared wavelengths by the universe's expansion. Astronomers used Hubble's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope with its Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) - with help from the gravitational lensing cluster - to see the faraway galaxy. The distant galaxy, dubbed A1689-zD1, appears as a grayish-white smudge in the close-up view taken with Hubble's NICMOS [center, right], and as a whitish blob in the Spitzer IRAC close-up view [bottom, right]. The galaxy is brimming with star birth. Hubble and Spitzer worked together to show that it is one of the youngest galaxies ever discovered. Astronomers estimate that the galaxy is 12.8 billion light-years away. Abell 1689 is 2.2 billion light-years away. A1689-zD1 was born during the middle of the "dark ages," a period in the early universe when the first stars and galaxies were just beginning to burst to life. The dark ages lasted from about 400,000 to roughly a billion years after the Big Bang. Astronomers think that A1689-zD1 was one of the galaxies that helped end the dark ages. The ACS images were taken in 2002, the NICMOS images in 2005 and 2007, and the Spitzer IRAC images in 2006.
Date	12 February 2008
Source	http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/1900-ssc2008-04a-One-of-the-Youngest-and-Brightest-Galaxies-in-the-Early-Universe
Author	NASA/ESA/L. Bradley (JHU)/R. Bouwens (UCSC), H.Ford (JHU), G. Illingworth (UCSC)

Image use policy: http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/info/18-Image-Use-Policy

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	This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.)
	Warnings: Use of NASA logos, insignia and emblems is restricted per U.S. law 14 CFR 1221. The NASA website hosts a large number of images from the Soviet/Russian space agency, and other non-American space agencies. These are not necessarily in the public domain. Materials based on Hubble Space Telescope data may be copyrighted if they are not explicitly produced by the STScI.[1] See also {{PD-Hubble}} and {{Cc-Hubble}}. The SOHO (ESA & NASA) joint project implies that all materials created by its probe are copyrighted and require permission for commercial non-educational use. [2] Images featured on the Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) web site may be copyrighted. [3] The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) site has been known to host copyrighted content. Its photo gallery FAQ states that all of the images in the photo gallery are in the public domain "Unless otherwise noted."

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Image title	A massive cluster of yellowish galaxies is seemingly caught in a spider web of eerily distorted background galaxies in the left-hand image, taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The gravity of the cluster's trillion stars acts as a cosmic "zoom lens," bending and magnifying the light of the galaxies located far behind it, a technique called gravitational lensing. The faraway galaxies appear in the Hubble image as arc-shaped objects around the cluster, named Abell 1689. The increased magnification allows astronomers to study remote galaxies in greater detail. One galaxy is so far away, however, it does not show up in the visible-light image taken with ACS [top, right], because its light is stretched to invisible infrared wavelengths by the universe's expansion. Astronomers used Hubble's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope with its Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) - with help from the gravitational lensing cluster - to see the faraway galaxy. The distant galaxy, dubbed A1689-zD1, appears as a grayish-white smudge in the close-up view taken with Hubble's NICMOS [center, right], and as a whitish blob in the Spitzer IRAC close-up view [bottom, right]. The galaxy is brimming with star birth. Hubble and Spitzer worked together to show that it is one of the youngest galaxies ever discovered. Astronomers estimate that the galaxy is 12.8 billion light-years away. Abell 1689 is 2.2 billion light-years away. A1689-zD1 was born during the middle of the "dark ages," a period in the early universe when the first stars and galaxies were just beginning to burst to life. The dark ages lasted from about 400,000 to roughly a billion years after the Big Bang. Astronomers think that A1689-zD1 was one of the galaxies that helped end the dark ages. The ACS images were taken in 2002, the NICMOS images in 2005 and 2007, and the Spitzer IRAC images in 2006.
Author	Spitzer Space Telescope
Width	3,000 px
Height	2,400 px
Compression scheme	LZW
Pixel composition	RGB
Orientation	Normal
Number of components	3
Horizontal resolution	300 dpi
Vertical resolution	300 dpi
Data arrangement	chunky format
Software used	Adobe Photoshop CS3 Macintosh
File change date and time	14:56, 5 June 2009
Color space	sRGB

File:One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe.jpg

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